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1 refining method
Военный термин: метод очистки -
2 stage countercurrent refining method
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > stage countercurrent refining method
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3 stage countercurrent refining method
Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > stage countercurrent refining method
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4 refining solvent
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > refining solvent
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5 ester method of refining lactic acid
Пищевая промышленность: способ очистки молочной кислоты этерификацией ее метиловым спиртомУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > ester method of refining lactic acid
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6 solvent method of refining lactic acid
Пищевая промышленность: способ очистки молочной кислоты экстрагированием растворителемУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > solvent method of refining lactic acid
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7 ester method of refining lactic acid
Англо-русский словарь по пищевой промышленности > ester method of refining lactic acid
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8 solvent method of refining lactic acid
Англо-русский словарь по пищевой промышленности > solvent method of refining lactic acid
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9 Dony, Jean-Jacques Daniel
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 February 1759 Liège, Belgiumd. 6 November 1819 Liège, Belgium[br]Belgian inventor of the horizontal retort process of zinc manufacture.[br]Dony trained initially for the Church, and it is not known how he became interested in the production of zinc. Liège, however, was close to extensive deposits of the zinc ore calamine, and brass had been made since Roman times in the region between Liège and Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen). William Champion's technique of brass manufacture was known there and was considered to be too complicated and expensive for the routine manufacture of brass. Dony may have learned about earlier processes of manufacturing zinc on the European continent from his friend Professor Villette of Liège University, and about English methods from Henri Delloye, a friend of both Villette and Dony and who visited Birmingham and Bristol on their behalf to study zinc smelting processes and brass manufacture at first hand. By 21 March 1805 Dony had succeeded in extracting zinc from calamine and casting it in ingots. On the basis of this success he applied to the French Republican administration for assistance and in 1806 was assigned by Napoleon the sole mining rights to the calamine deposits of the Vieille Montagne, or Altenberg, near Moresnet, five miles (8 km) from Aachen. With these rights went the obligation of developing an industrially viable method of zinc refining. In 1807 he constructed a small factory at Isle and there, after much effort, he perfected his celebrated horizontal retort process, the "Liège Method". After July 1809 zinc was being produced in abundance, and in January 1810 Dony was granted an Imperial Patent giving him a monopoly of zinc manufacture for fifteen years. He erected a rolling mill at Saint-Léonard and attempted to persuade the Minister of Marine to use zinc sheets rather than copper for the protection of ships. Between 1809 and 1810 Dony reduced the price of zinc in Liège from 8.60 to 2.60 francs per kilo. However, after 1813 he began to encounter financial problems and in 1818 he surrendered his commercial interests to his partner Dominique Mosselman (d. 1837). The horizontal retort process soon rendered obsolete that of William Champion, and variants of the Liège Method were rapidly evolved in Germany, Britain and the USA.[br]Further ReadingA.Dony, 1941, A Propos de l'industrie belge du zinc au début du XIXe siècle, Brussels. L.Boscheron, "The zinc industry of the Liège District", Journal of the Institution ofMetals 36 (2):21–6.H.Delloye, 1810, Recherches sur la calamine, le zinc et les emplois, Liège: Dauvrain. 1836, Bibliographie Liégeoise.ASDBiographical history of technology > Dony, Jean-Jacques Daniel
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10 RM
1) Общая лексика: registration manager - менеджер по регистрации (документов)2) Компьютерная техника: Raster Manager, Read Mode, Reserve Memory, Run Mode3) Медицина: ПМ4) Американизм: Risk Management5) Спорт: Repeat Maximum, Repetition Maximum, Running Man6) Военный термин: Rack Mount, Radioman, Range Master, Reference Model, Refrigerator Mobile, Requirements Management, radar mapping, radar missile, radiation measurement, radiation monitoring, radio message, radio monitoring, radiological monitoring, radiometeorology, range mark, reference mark, regulations for mobilization, remedial maintenance, repair manual, repair materials, research memorandum, reserve management, returned material, routine maintenance7) Техника: molecular refraction, radiation monitor, radio map, radio marker beacon, radio monitor, radiometric monitor, reactor manufacturer, receiver, mobile, receiving mirror, remote control, remote manipulator, remote manual, remote metering, remote multiplexer, repair and maintenance, rest mass, return on minus, route manager, rulemaking, running meter, обозначение для подвижных береговых радионавигационных станций (МСЭ)8) Шутливое выражение: Remove Monte, Render Monster, Rescue Me9) Религия: Return Missionary, Returning Missionary, Roman Missal10) Юридический термин: Relic Magnum11) Экономика: ( regional manager) региональный управляющий12) Бухгалтерия: raw materials13) Автомобильный термин: relay module14) Артиллерия: РСЗО (multiple rocket launcher), многоствольная ракетная установка, ракетная система залпового огня15) Металлургия: rolling mill16) Политика: Republic of Marshall Islands17) Телекоммуникации: Resource Management18) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Madagascar), RM method, Radio Maintenance, Rhaeto- Romance, Room (mailing address abbreviation), Royal Mail, Royal Marines (UK), Royal Marines, range marks, raw material, reliability and maintainability, reports&memoranda, малайзийский ринггит (денежная единица Малайзии)19) Вычислительная техника: Retention Module, record mark, reference manual20) Нефть: mud resistivity, roadmap, профилактическое техническое обслуживание (routine maintenance), ремонт и техническое обслуживание (repair and maintenance), надёжность и ремонтопригодность (reliability and maintainability), reservoir model21) Иммунология: Rotation Measure22) Связь: Regional Manager (TMN)23) Космонавтика: исследовательский модуль24) Картография: radio marker, referring mark25) Банковское дело: менеджер по работе с клиентами (Relationship manager)26) Транспорт: Retained Mode, River Mile27) Фирменный знак: Radio Mountain, Real Media28) Деловая лексика: малайский ринггит29) Авторское право: защищён авторским правом (rights managed)30) Образование: Reference Materials, Role Model31) Сетевые технологии: Remote Manageability, resource manager, администратор ресурсов32) Полимеры: Reichert-Meissl number, Ruben-Meilory, resistance moment, reverse motion33) Автоматика: reference marker34) Сахалин А: rig module35) Химическое оружие: Reaction mass, reference method36) Расширение файла: Reset Mode37) Нефть и газ: refining & marketing, remote measuring38) Электротехника: reserve monitor39) Имена и фамилии: Randy Morris, Remy Martin, Rich Muller, Rob Mullins, Rob Myers, Robbie Miranda40) Должность: Recovery Manager, Regional Manager, Resident Magistrate41) НАСА: Reconfiguration Module42) Федеральное бюро расследований: Racial Matter, Registered Mail -
11 Rm
1) Общая лексика: registration manager - менеджер по регистрации (документов)2) Компьютерная техника: Raster Manager, Read Mode, Reserve Memory, Run Mode3) Медицина: ПМ4) Американизм: Risk Management5) Спорт: Repeat Maximum, Repetition Maximum, Running Man6) Военный термин: Rack Mount, Radioman, Range Master, Reference Model, Refrigerator Mobile, Requirements Management, radar mapping, radar missile, radiation measurement, radiation monitoring, radio message, radio monitoring, radiological monitoring, radiometeorology, range mark, reference mark, regulations for mobilization, remedial maintenance, repair manual, repair materials, research memorandum, reserve management, returned material, routine maintenance7) Техника: molecular refraction, radiation monitor, radio map, radio marker beacon, radio monitor, radiometric monitor, reactor manufacturer, receiver, mobile, receiving mirror, remote control, remote manipulator, remote manual, remote metering, remote multiplexer, repair and maintenance, rest mass, return on minus, route manager, rulemaking, running meter, обозначение для подвижных береговых радионавигационных станций (МСЭ)8) Шутливое выражение: Remove Monte, Render Monster, Rescue Me9) Религия: Return Missionary, Returning Missionary, Roman Missal10) Юридический термин: Relic Magnum11) Экономика: ( regional manager) региональный управляющий12) Бухгалтерия: raw materials13) Автомобильный термин: relay module14) Артиллерия: РСЗО (multiple rocket launcher), многоствольная ракетная установка, ракетная система залпового огня15) Металлургия: rolling mill16) Политика: Republic of Marshall Islands17) Телекоммуникации: Resource Management18) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Madagascar), RM method, Radio Maintenance, Rhaeto- Romance, Room (mailing address abbreviation), Royal Mail, Royal Marines (UK), Royal Marines, range marks, raw material, reliability and maintainability, reports&memoranda, малайзийский ринггит (денежная единица Малайзии)19) Вычислительная техника: Retention Module, record mark, reference manual20) Нефть: mud resistivity, roadmap, профилактическое техническое обслуживание (routine maintenance), ремонт и техническое обслуживание (repair and maintenance), надёжность и ремонтопригодность (reliability and maintainability), reservoir model21) Иммунология: Rotation Measure22) Связь: Regional Manager (TMN)23) Космонавтика: исследовательский модуль24) Картография: radio marker, referring mark25) Банковское дело: менеджер по работе с клиентами (Relationship manager)26) Транспорт: Retained Mode, River Mile27) Фирменный знак: Radio Mountain, Real Media28) Деловая лексика: малайский ринггит29) Авторское право: защищён авторским правом (rights managed)30) Образование: Reference Materials, Role Model31) Сетевые технологии: Remote Manageability, resource manager, администратор ресурсов32) Полимеры: Reichert-Meissl number, Ruben-Meilory, resistance moment, reverse motion33) Автоматика: reference marker34) Сахалин А: rig module35) Химическое оружие: Reaction mass, reference method36) Расширение файла: Reset Mode37) Нефть и газ: refining & marketing, remote measuring38) Электротехника: reserve monitor39) Имена и фамилии: Randy Morris, Remy Martin, Rich Muller, Rob Mullins, Rob Myers, Robbie Miranda40) Должность: Recovery Manager, Regional Manager, Resident Magistrate41) НАСА: Reconfiguration Module42) Федеральное бюро расследований: Racial Matter, Registered Mail -
12 rm
1) Общая лексика: registration manager - менеджер по регистрации (документов)2) Компьютерная техника: Raster Manager, Read Mode, Reserve Memory, Run Mode3) Медицина: ПМ4) Американизм: Risk Management5) Спорт: Repeat Maximum, Repetition Maximum, Running Man6) Военный термин: Rack Mount, Radioman, Range Master, Reference Model, Refrigerator Mobile, Requirements Management, radar mapping, radar missile, radiation measurement, radiation monitoring, radio message, radio monitoring, radiological monitoring, radiometeorology, range mark, reference mark, regulations for mobilization, remedial maintenance, repair manual, repair materials, research memorandum, reserve management, returned material, routine maintenance7) Техника: molecular refraction, radiation monitor, radio map, radio marker beacon, radio monitor, radiometric monitor, reactor manufacturer, receiver, mobile, receiving mirror, remote control, remote manipulator, remote manual, remote metering, remote multiplexer, repair and maintenance, rest mass, return on minus, route manager, rulemaking, running meter, обозначение для подвижных береговых радионавигационных станций (МСЭ)8) Шутливое выражение: Remove Monte, Render Monster, Rescue Me9) Религия: Return Missionary, Returning Missionary, Roman Missal10) Юридический термин: Relic Magnum11) Экономика: ( regional manager) региональный управляющий12) Бухгалтерия: raw materials13) Автомобильный термин: relay module14) Артиллерия: РСЗО (multiple rocket launcher), многоствольная ракетная установка, ракетная система залпового огня15) Металлургия: rolling mill16) Политика: Republic of Marshall Islands17) Телекоммуникации: Resource Management18) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Madagascar), RM method, Radio Maintenance, Rhaeto- Romance, Room (mailing address abbreviation), Royal Mail, Royal Marines (UK), Royal Marines, range marks, raw material, reliability and maintainability, reports&memoranda, малайзийский ринггит (денежная единица Малайзии)19) Вычислительная техника: Retention Module, record mark, reference manual20) Нефть: mud resistivity, roadmap, профилактическое техническое обслуживание (routine maintenance), ремонт и техническое обслуживание (repair and maintenance), надёжность и ремонтопригодность (reliability and maintainability), reservoir model21) Иммунология: Rotation Measure22) Связь: Regional Manager (TMN)23) Космонавтика: исследовательский модуль24) Картография: radio marker, referring mark25) Банковское дело: менеджер по работе с клиентами (Relationship manager)26) Транспорт: Retained Mode, River Mile27) Фирменный знак: Radio Mountain, Real Media28) Деловая лексика: малайский ринггит29) Авторское право: защищён авторским правом (rights managed)30) Образование: Reference Materials, Role Model31) Сетевые технологии: Remote Manageability, resource manager, администратор ресурсов32) Полимеры: Reichert-Meissl number, Ruben-Meilory, resistance moment, reverse motion33) Автоматика: reference marker34) Сахалин А: rig module35) Химическое оружие: Reaction mass, reference method36) Расширение файла: Reset Mode37) Нефть и газ: refining & marketing, remote measuring38) Электротехника: reserve monitor39) Имена и фамилии: Randy Morris, Remy Martin, Rich Muller, Rob Mullins, Rob Myers, Robbie Miranda40) Должность: Recovery Manager, Regional Manager, Resident Magistrate41) НАСА: Reconfiguration Module42) Федеральное бюро расследований: Racial Matter, Registered Mail -
13 floating-zone
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > floating-zone
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14 floating-zone
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15 air
12 nGAS gas de aire mTV aire m3 vtCOAL, CONST, PRINT, RECYCL, SAFE, THERMO airearWATER TRANSP hold, bilges airear, ventilar45 -
16 secondary
1. n подчинённый2. n представитель, действующий по поручению3. n сановник второго ранга4. n эл. вторичная обмоткаsecondary emission — вторичная эмиссия; вторичное излучение
5. n физ. вторичная частица; вторичный электрон6. a второй7. a средний8. a второстепенныйa very secondary matter — второстепенный вопрос; дело, не представляющее важности
9. a вторичный; производный10. a побочный, неглавный; второстепенный11. a дополнительный, добавочный12. a вспомогательный, подсобный13. a геол. мезозойскийСинонимический ряд:1. alternate (adj.) alternate; auxiliary; subsidiary2. indirect (adj.) consequent; derivate; derivational; derivative; derived; following; indirect; proximate; resultant; subsequent3. small (adj.) dinky; insignificant; lesser; low; minor; minor-league; small; small-fry; small-time4. subordinate (adj.) ancillary; collateral; dependent; inferior; lower; petty; second; sub; subject; subordinate; subservient; tributary; under5. inferior (noun) inferior; junior; poor relation; scrub; subaltern; subordinate; underling; understrapperАнтонимический ряд:major; preceding; primary -
17 treatment
1. n обращение, обхождениеabusive treatment — плохое, жестокое обращение
2. n жестокое обращениеthe new recruit got the treatment from a brutal sergeant — новобранцу здорово досталось от зверя-сержанта; сержант зверски обращался с новобранцем
3. n трактовка, обсуждение; исследование; освещениеseveral treatments of economic integration policies — несколько исследований политики экономической интеграции
4. n трактовка, исполнение5. n лечение; уходpatients under treatment — пациенты, находящиеся на излечении
6. n обработка7. n перевоспитание малолетних правонарушителей8. n с. -х. протравливание9. n пропитывание, пропитка10. n горн. обогащение11. n разработка киносценария12. n сл. киносценарийСинонимический ряд:1. conferment (noun) advisement; conferment2. handling (noun) approach; dealing with; execution; handling; management; maneuvering; manipulation; practice; procedure; strategy3. processing (noun) application of chemicals; coating; galvanizing; modification; painting; plating; preparation; processing; refining4. therapy (noun) care; cure; doctoring; mediation; medical care; medicine; prescription; regimen; remedy; therapy -
18 Castner, Hamilton Young
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.[br]Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.[br]Further ReadingA.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).LRDBiographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young
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19 Roebuck, John
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1718 Sheffield, Englandd. 17 July 1794[br]English chemist and manufacturer, inventor of the lead-chamber process for sulphuric acid.[br]The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.[br]Further ReadingMemoir of John Roebuck in J.Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 4 (1798), pp. 65–87.S.Gregory, 1987, "John Roebuck, 18th century entrepreneur", Chem. Engr. 443:28–31.LRD -
20 optical bleaching
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > optical bleaching
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